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Monday, September 19, 2022

Queen Elizabeth II's Most Notable Accomplishments

Queen Elizabeth II's Most Notable Accomplishments

Queen Elizabeth II's Most Notable Accomplishments

Queen Elizabeth II in ceremonial robes Wpa Pool/Getty Images

Correction 09/09/22: A previous version of this article stated that Queen Elizabeth was 19 when she joined the military. She was 18, not 19.

Before her death on September 8, 2022, Queen Elizabeth II (officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, per Britannica) was the epitome of what's called "soft power." The position she inherited in 1952 was already extremely reduced in terms of actual power and authority, and during her reign, the crown underwent a transformation into a figurehead position. Put simply, Elizabeth simply didn't have much power.

That doesn't mean she wasn't important. First of all, she performed a necessary legal function simply by existing — the crown must sanction all legislation passed by Parliament in the United Kingdom. If that sanction has become ritualistic and automatic, the fact remains that the Queen could, in theory, have refused to approve something. And she was still Head of State even if she was not Head of Government, and the crown is the source of legal authority in the U.K.

But Queen Elizabeth's lack of hard power also doesn't mean she had no accomplishments to point to. Although most of those achievements were behind the scenes and a little more subtle than the treaties, executive orders, and directives presidents and prime ministers can deal out, they're still pretty significant. In fact, since Queen Elizabeth managed all this without direct authority, they're possibly even more impressive. Here are Queen Elizabeth II's most notable accomplishments.

Her service in World War II

Queen Elizabeth in uniform during World War II Apic/Getty Images

When World War II broke out in 1939, Princess Elizabeth was only 13 years old. As noted by The National World War II Museum, when Buckingham Palace was bombed during the Blitz in 1940, her father King George VI and his wife, Elizabeth, remained there in solidarity with the rest of the population, but the princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were evacuated to Windsor Castle, 20 miles away.

As the war dragged on, Elizabeth felt a keen sense of duty. According to Biography, she wanted to enlist as soon as she came of age in 1944, but the royal family couldn't allow the heir to the throne to be put in danger. But Elizabeth refused to take no for an answer and kept pushing. In 1945, when she was 18, Elizabeth was given permission to join the military effort. She joined the Women's Auxiliary Territory Service (ATS), and trained for six weeks as an auto mechanic.

Time notes that this wasn't a combat role, but that doesn't mean it didn't come with risks — at least 335 members of the ATS were killed during the war. The young princess' dedication to her country and her willingness to serve just like anyone else (well, almost; she did get to go home to Windsor Castle every night to sleep) made her extremely popular and sparked a lifelong love of cars and mechanical work.

The stability she brought

Queen Elizabeth II seated at desk Wpa Pool/Getty Images

It might not seem like a big deal, but one of Queen Elizabeth's greatest achievements was simply being a stable, predictable monarch. Prior to her ascension, there had been a period of uncertainty. As reported by CBS News, her uncle King Edward VIII abdicated when she was just 10 years old, throwing the crown into disarray. Her father stepped in as King George VI, but Vanity Fair notes he did so very reluctantly, dreading the spotlight and feeling unprepared. 

While George VI solved the immediate crisis of confidence by taking the crown, his kingdom was quickly sucked into World War II. London was bombed, and according to Britannica, there were real fears that the island might be invaded by Germany. Then, just as the country was rebounding from the war, King George VI died at a relatively young age, leaving 25-year-old Elizabeth to take the crown.

As noted by Forbes, Elizabeth provided exactly what was necessary in this post-war period: stability. Her steady, calm approach to her new role gave the nation exactly what was needed as it emerged from a particularly chaotic period, and remained exactly what the country needed as a series of new crises descended on it, including economic woes and a shrinking role on the world stage. With the necessity of the royal family always in question, according to The Independent, the stability brought by Elizabeth can be seen as crucial.

She guided the transformation to a commonwealth

Queen Elizabeth's portrait on Fiji banknotes Prachaya Roekdeethaweesab/Shutterstock

By the time Elizabeth ascended to the throne in 1952, the British Empire was already in rapid decline. As explained by The Imperial War Museums, prior to World War II, Britain had maintained a vast empire of colonial holdings and a reputation as a world power. As noted by Politico, at its height, the British Empire held 57 colonies or other territories comprising about a quarter of the land mass of the world. But after teetering on the verge of total defeat and emerging into a new world dominated by the United States, Britain found its empire too expensive and difficult.

A rapid list of former colonies began breaking away and declaring themselves independent states, beginning with India in 1947. Although the process of establishing what's known as the Commonwealth began in the late 19th century, according to Britannica, it fell to Queen Elizabeth II to guide the country through a rapid acceleration of the process. When she was crowned, the Commonwealth had eight member states. Today there are 54. That means that Queen Elizabeth oversaw a process in which practically the entire British Empire transformed into a voluntary association of sovereign nations. Her own authority became largely ceremonial, and the British "empire" is down to just a few islands scattered around the globe. But where other empires have gone down in literal flames, Elizabeth largely guided hers to a peaceful, orderly end.

She modernized the monarchy

Queen Elizabeth sitting with Duchess Catherine Wpa Pool/Getty Images

The kingdom of England dates back thousands of years, and Elizabeth was one in a line of monarchs that dates back to 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded the island. As noted in Vanity Fair, when her father, King George VI, took the throne after her uncle's abdication, there was no certainty that the monarchy would survive. In the early years of the 20th century, it seemed like the British monarchy would be swept away like so many others. While King George VI provided a period of stability that forestalled any thought of abolishing the monarchy, Queen Elizabeth was the one who truly saved it.

Her secret? Britannica explains that she stabilized the royal family's position with her willingness to modernize and embrace change. Realizing that her subjects needed to see the royal family as approachable, she appeared on television regularly and spoke directly to the people. She also embraced new technology — as noted by Forbes, she sent out the first royal tweet in 2014, and History reports that she was the first monarch to record her annual Christmas message on film. Today, you can watch it on YouTube. She also adjusted her approach to marriage and divorce, accepting the fact that the latter became much more common and acceptable in the modern world and approving several divorces among the royal family.

She made the succession more equitable

Prince William and his family walking Wpa Pool/Getty Images

Although it's true that the queen didn't introduce or vote on legislation and is expected to be very politically neutral, her influence was undeniable. Not only did she have to confer her ceremonial approval of all new laws, but she also represented a continuous line of experience stretching back to the 1950s. Her first mentor was Sir Winston Churchill, after all. So when the Crown Act of 2013 was passed, Reader's Digest notes it was with Elizabeth's "cooperation" because the legislation might have failed were it not for her influence.

That's a significant achievement, as it ended centuries of English history of the eldest son of a monarch being heir to the throne even if he had an older sister (per Time). As noted by BBC News, It also allowed the monarch to marry a (gasp) Roman Catholic if they absolutely must — though the monarch is still not allowed to actually be a Roman Catholic.

While it can be argued that the queen had a very personal interest in seeing the rule change, as she proved over the course of 70 years that a woman could be a very effective monarch, she had also been a staunch defender of tradition. But Queen Elizabeth II never shied away from modernizing the monarchy when the opportunity arose, and this shift was a great step forward for gender equality.

She was the first British monarch to address congress

Queen Elizabeth II addressing congress in 1991 Anwar Hussein/Getty Images

Considering the close history of the U.S. and U.K., it's perhaps surprising how deeply divided they have been. The United States of America started off as a group of British colonies, of course, and Americans were once subjects of the King of England.

And yet one of Queen Elizabeth II's greatest achievements came in 1991, more than two centuries after the U.S. won independence from the British Empire. As reported by the Los Angeles Times, that year she became the first British monarch to address a joint session of the United States' Congress. As noted by The New York Times, her speech was a huge success — from a joke about her height to the three standing ovations she received, she obviously charmed the American politicians.

As noted by the Sun Sentinel, her speech was significant not only because she was the first King or Queen of the United Kingdom to address congress, but because she used it to underscore the "special relationship" between the U.S. and the U.K. The two countries share a language and a great deal of history and culture, and the Queen's speech centered on continuing cooperation and a unity of interests.

Her visit to the Republic of Ireland in 2011

Queen Elizabeth laying a wreath at the Garden of Remembrance Pool/Getty Images

The United Kingdom has a violent history with many of its former dominions — that tends to happen when empires try to prevent people from ruling themselves. But few conflicts have been as bitter and bloody as the one between the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland. Dominated by the English for centuries, Ireland fractured into two states when nationalist party Sinn Féin declared a new Irish Republic, as explained by Britannica. Relations between the new Republic of Ireland and its former imperial masters were marked by violence for decades.

Which made Queen Elizabeth II's state visit to Ireland in 2011 an incredible achievement. She was the first monarch to make an official visit to the island since its independence. As noted by Yahoo! News, her somber appearance at the Garden of Remembrance in Dublin was a sensation in Ireland. She placed a wreath at the monument to those who died fighting the U.K. for Irish freedom and bowed her head respectfully. Many Irish took this as a subtle signal that the Queen acknowledged her own country's misdeeds.

According to The Guardian, the trip and the gesture made Queen Elizabeth II incredibly popular in a country that typically despised the monarchy as a former oppressor. The trip was an incredible achievement, especially considering that the queen had no true political power and somehow reset relations between the two countries simply by showing respect.

The 1969 television documentary

Young Queen Elizabeth laughing Anwar Hussein/Getty Images

According to Town and Country, in 1968, Queen Elizabeth II made the remarkable decision to allow a documentary film crew to follow her and her family around for more than two months. The filmmakers had unprecedented access to the private family life of the queen, and produced an infamous two-hour documentary called "The Royal Family." History notes that the film aired in England on June 21, 1969.

The documentary was part of an effort to humanize the royal family and change their stuffy image, and it was in many ways an incredible success. More than 30 million people watched the film, and it showed the royals as a family for the first time — human beings who joked, played, and ate dinner together. Many people saw the royals in a new light. But according to CNN, the queen soon regretted her decision and banned the documentary from future broadcasts. In fact, when the film leaked to YouTube in 2021, she moved quickly to have it taken down.

Some argue that the film removed the sense of awe and glamor from the royal family, leading to an era of invasive tabloid coverage. Once people started thinking of the royals as regular people, they became mere celebrities subject to gossip — and criticism. But it remains a remarkable achievement in the argument that the royal family deserves their position and is ultimately a force of good for the U.K.

Her tireless charity work

Queen Elizabeth at a charity event Chris Jackson/Getty Images

One of Queen Elizabeth's greatest achievements was a cumulative one: the sheer amount of effort she put into supporting various charities. The Guardian puts it very plainly, arguing that she did more for charity than any other monarch in history.

In fact, Queen Elizabeth was credited with being one of the greatest supporters of charity work in the world. According to Borgen Magazine, she supported more than 600 charities in Britain (the royal family as a whole officially supports nearly 3,000 charities around the world). The queen was responsible at least in part for raising an eye-popping £1.4 billion (close to $2 billion). The queen made it a special focus of her life to help reduce poverty. Acting as a royal patron to charities helps focus public attention, and allows the monarch and her family members to host fundraisers. In fact, Queen Elizabeth was careful to pass her patronage on to other family members to ensure that these charities always have the backing of the monarchy.

The queen's impact was felt most powerfully in causes that support communities and that promote education. These are aspects of life that can provide the support and skills needed to help people rise out of poverty.

She reformed the monarchy's finances

British money in various denominations Jim Dyson/Getty Images

As noted by The Guardian, the utility and necessity of the royal family has been hotly debated for years. One of the main reasons some want to do away with the monarchy is the fact that it's expensive. According to BBC News, the government of the United Kingdom pays the royal family about £86 million every year for its upkeep and expenses.

Many people believe the one thing that kept the royal family's popularity up was the queen herself. Elizabeth II's personal popularity far exceeded the overall support the royal receives in the U.K. One reason for her popularity was how she adapts to the will of the people. One of her great achievements was the quiet way she reformed the monarchy's finances in order to deal with criticism. For example, after a traditional waiver was lifted in the 1990s, she moved quickly to pay taxes on royal income that had been exempt for years, according to Town and Country Magazine. And British Heritage notes that by getting rid of expensive things like the royal yacht, she was able to reduce the cost of the royal family by several million pounds annually.

Forbes reports that when the palace budget was hit with a $44 million shortfall, the queen determined not to request any additional public funds. Considering that she was personally worth more than $500 million, this was a savvy decision that blunted criticism of royal expenses.

Supporting racial justice in the Commonwealth

Queen Elizabeth II with President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in 1961 Keystone/Getty Images

The royal family is not often cited as being particularly "woke." They are, after all, privileged as a whole — not just rich but royal. But one of the great and often overlooked achievements of the queen was the quiet work she did over the years to support racial equality and advancement in the world.

As noted by The New York Times, Queen Elizabeth's work began in her early years. In 1961, she danced with the president of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, a Black man. This outraged many racists both in her own kingdom and the larger Commonwealth, but the queen was resolute in her support of equality. And she worked behind the scenes to get the Commonwealth to condemn South Africa's apartheid system, only to be stymied by her own prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, who opposed the statement for reasons both personal and political.

According to The Washington Post, the queen also supported the Black Lives Matter movement. While the royal family as a whole has been accused of holding racist attitudes — including by Prince Harry and the Duchess of Sussex, as reported by CNBC — some have noted that these criticisms often seem not to include the queen herself.

She was the longest-serving monarch in English history

Queen Elizabeth II in 2021 Handout/Getty Images

One of Elizabeth II's achievements is likely to never be surpassed. According to BBC News, when she died on September 8, 2022, she was the longest-serving English monarch in history, having hit 70 years on the throne earlier that year.

Not only did Elizabeth's long reign translate to tremendous stability for the United Kingdom and a sense of affection from her subjects (most of whom had never known a different sovereign), but as noted by Tatler, this made Elizabeth II the second-longest reigning monarch in world history. Had the Queen lived until May 2024, she would have surpassed King Louis XIV — a.k.a. the Sun King — as the longest-reigning monarch ever. With her passing, he keeps the top spot with his current record of 72 years and 110 days on the throne.

However, King Louis XIV had a slightly unfair advantage considering he ascended to his throne when he was just 4 years old, according to Britannica — he was 76 when he died, and spent much of his early reign as a neglected child and an impoverished king whose crown was under assault by rebellious nobles. In contrast, Queen Elizabeth took the crown when she was 25 and was been firmly in control of her reign from then on.



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Wednesday, September 14, 2022

Term4 Check in

Slide1

Our Students, Their World

This is for TEACHERS' REFERENCE ONLY.

The following notes is to help teachers understand the context when preparing for the Term 4 Check-in Lesson Activity, and not meant to be shared with students.

Term 4 is typically a fast-paced term as students prepare for the upcoming Year-End/national exams. Exams are often perceived as key milestones with high stakes, and may evoke high levels of stress and anxiety in some students.

This check-in lesson activity aims to provide time and space for students to share their thoughts and feelings towards starting the term and address the perceived high stakes of the upcoming exam through reframing. When students identify areas that are within their control as they prepare for the exam and take care of their well-being, it engenders a sense of agency and hope. Encourage students to take care of their personal well-being and start the term on a hopeful and positive note.

Teachers play a key role in facilitating the discussion in class and looking out for students who may require more support during this period.

Images from CANVA


Slide2

Teacher's notes:

This is a 45-minute activity that aims to:
oAllow students to reflect on and recognise their personal progress and growth for the year. Get students to affirm and encourage themselves and their classmates to face what lies ahead in Term 4. (10min);
oProvide students with time and space to share what they are excited and worried about in Term 4 (10min);
oHelp students prepare for the End-of-Year exams and provide them with practical handles to manage stress and anxiety (20min);
oEncourage students to identify one thing they are looking forward to in Term 4 (5min)

Pre-lesson preparation:

Modify slide 9 according to school and/or class events

Slide3 (10 min)

Teacher's notes:

Allow students to individually reflect on their personal progress and growth for the year so far (Term 1 – Term 3) by asking them "What is one thing you did that you are proud of this year?"

Slide4

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Provide scaffolding and give some examples of what students can reflect on, highlighting that no progress or growth is too small to be celebrated.
Reinforce that students can reflect on many areas in their life. Teachers should expand students' definition of growth and progress beyond academics or conventional achievements like awards.
If comfortable, teachers can also share their own thing that they are proud of.

Slide5

Teacher's notes:

After students' individual reflection, conduct an activity of Musical Shares (invite students to walk around the classroom while music plays, when the music stops, they are to get into pairs or group of 3s with a classmate close to them), and invite students to share with their classmates what they are proud of, using the sentence stem "I am proud of myself because…"
Repeat the activity at least twice to allow students to share and talk with different classmates.
Invite some students to share with the class.
Affirm students and, where applicable, add your observations, for individuals or collectively as a class, of how students have made progress and overcome challenges.
If students are unable to articulate what they are proud of, teacher can share an observation about the student and what the teacher was proud to see them do.

Slide6

Teacher's notes:

After students' individual reflection, invite students to draw something they are proud of for the year. Teacher may choose to conduct this activity in one of the following ways:
oIn rows or groups, allow students to come up to the whiteboard to draw. As groups of students are drawing, allow the rest of the students to share their responses with their shoulder partner.
oGet students to draw individually on their mini whiteboards or a blank piece of paper. Invite students to share their drawing with their shoulder partner.
From students' drawings, invite a few students to share with the class.
Affirm students and, where applicable, add on your observations, for individuals or collectively as a class, of how students have made progress and overcome challenges.
If students are unable to articulate what they are proud of, teacher can share an observation about the student and what the teacher was proud to see them do.

Slide7

[There is animation for this slide]


Slide8

Teacher's notes:

Encourage students by highlighting their progress thus far and highlight how much they have grown and learned.
Reinforce that as they begin their last term, there are still more experiences, both exciting and challenging, but assure them that because they have made it this far, they can be confident that they have what it takes to face Term 4 as well.
Remind students that they are never alone and that together as a class and with their teachers, they will all finish Term 4 well together. 

Slide9

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Share with students the timeline for Term 4, especially significant holidays and school events.
Using Think-Pair-Share, get students to share what they might be looking forward to and what they are worried about.
Invite some students to share with the class. Thank and acknowledge students' responses.
From students' sharing, focus the conversation on the End-Of-Year exams and provide the opportunity for students to talk about their thoughts and concerns about the examination.
Validate all emotions and thoughts, emphasising that it is normal to feel differently about the same event.

Note: Teacher can include more events into the slide based on the school's calendar. 


Slide10 (20min)

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Teach students that there are always things they can do when they feel stressed and anxious about the End-of-Year (EOY) exam.


Slide11

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Share with students that there are different things they can do at different stages of the exam to help them manage their stress and anxiety.
In the next few slides, get students to think and share what they would do pre-, day of and post-exam to help themselves feel better if they are feeling stressed and anxious about the exams.

Slide12

Teacher's notes:

Ask students if any of them relate to the statement on the slide.
Share with students that even though their exams are some weeks away, some of them may have started feeling worried (especially for P3 who are taking a major exam for the first time).
Teachers should take care not to bring about greater stress or worry, especially for students who do not feel worried at all. For students who do not feel worried, get students to share why they do not feel worried and highlight any helpful thoughts and mindsets that other students can adopt to reframe negative thoughts.
Invite students to share what they currently do to help themselves manage their stress and worry, especially if they relate to the statement on the slide.
Affirm good practices that students share.

Slide13

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Adding on to students' own suggestions and strategies, teach students that one way they can manage their stress and anxiety is to make sure that they prepare well.
Teach students that they can plan their time well by creating a study timetable. This helps them not to be overwhelmed by what they need to revise. Planning their time well also helps them avoid last-minute studying and cramming which can cause them more stress.
Next, teach students that they can also create a weekly or daily to-do list of the chapters and topics that they need to revise. They can put a tick beside each item on the list when they have completed them. This also helps them know for sure how much they have studied, and helps them remember what they need to do.
Assure students that they can approach their teachers for help with revision tips and to clarify questions they have.
Reiterate that students should not stay up late at night to study. Sleeping late means that they will feel more tired the next day and this may affect their mood and cause them to feel more stressed.

Slide14

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Remind students that even as they prepare for their EOY exam, they should not neglect taking care of their minds and bodies.
Explain that when they take care of their minds and bodies, they will feel good and be better able to manage the stress.
Ask students to recall the ways they can take care of their minds and bodies:
oEat healthily and exercise regularly
oGet at least 9 hours of sleep
Recap with students the benefits of sleep:
oHelps them remember what they have studied better
oHelps them feel rested and alert the next day
oMakes them healthier and happier
Recap that the should have at least 9 hours of sleep and that they should avoid using their digital devices at least 1 hour before bedtime so that they can get good quality sleep.

 
Slide15

Teacher's notes:

Ask students if they have ever experienced the situation in the slide.
Assure students that feel worried and anxious during the exam is normal. Reiterate that if they do not feel worried, that is also normal. It is normal to feel differently.
Recap that students may experience physical reactions like a faster heartbeat, sweaty palms, stomach ache and headache. These physical symptoms are normal but they should first check if they are sick.
Get students to share what they do when they experience this during a test or exam they have taken.


Slide16

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Explain that right before or during the exam, they may start to feel worried and nervous and may have many negative thoughts in their head.
Teach students that what they can do is to manage their emotions and change their negative thoughts to more helpful thoughts.
Share that doing calming down exercises can help them to slow down their heart rate and help them feel calmer.
Explain that when they are calm, they will be able to think clearly and feel more comfortable and confident.

 
Slide17

Teacher's notes:

Set aside some time to practise deep breathing with students.
Explain that it is important to learn how to do deep breathing so that when they feel stressed and worried, they are able to do it easily to help them calm down.
Following the animation on screen, get students to take a deep breath slowly (for a count of 3-5), and to exhale slowly (for a count of 3-5). Share that students can imagine that they are blowing a huge balloon slowly or blowing out candles slowly.


Slide18

Teacher's notes:

Ask students if they have experienced or felt similar to what is shown in the slide.
Explain that, sometimes, even though the exam has ended, some of them may still feel worried and stressed. This could be because of different reasons. Some of them may feel like they will not do well; some may start comparing answers with their friends and get worried when they think they got many answers wrong; some may feel worried because they do not know what results they might get and not knowing what might happen can be stressful.

Slide19

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Explain to students that while some of them may feel like asking their classmates about their answers and talking about how they did during the exam, this can cause them to feel more stressed and anxious, especially when it leads to negative thoughts about how they have done during the exam. Some of them may also repeatedly think about the questions and answers of the previous exam which can also cause them to feel uncomfortable emotions.
Share that they can avoid talking or repeatedly thinking about their exams if they know that it will cause them more stress. 
Instead, encourage students to do things they enjoy to relax and take their minds off of the exams. Emphasise that it is important to take a break, especially after a stressful period.
Reiterate that if they continue to have strong uncomfortable emotions or negative thoughts that do not go away, or if they are unable to manage their strong emotions immediately after their exam, they should talk to a trusted adult about how they feel.
Remind students that it is important to find helpful and safe ways to cope with their emotions and they should not do anything that might hurt themselves or others.

Slide20

Teacher's notes:

Share that not everyone may feel the same way or have the same experiences as the examples given and that is okay.
Remind students that what is important is that they know themselves best by knowing what causes them stress and they know what to do to best help them manage their stress.
Encourage these students that they can look out for classmates who may be feeling very stressed and help to support them.

Slide21

Teacher's notes:

Recap the LOOK poster and remind students to look out for these signs of too much stress in themselves and their peers.
Remind students that if they experience these signs or observe these signs in their peers, they should talk to a trusted adult like their parents/ guardians, teachers or school counsellor.
Emphasise that they are not alone and that reaching out for help is a strength and not a weakness.

Slide22

[There is animation for this slide]

Teacher's notes:

Remind students that while the end-of-year exams are important, they are just one part of the many things in Term 4.
Help students see that it just one of the many other milestones in their journey through the year and throughout their Primary school life.
Reiterate that the end-of-year exams is just an opportunity for them to check their understanding of what they have learned. 

Slide23 (5min)

Teacher's notes:

As a check-out, invite students to write down on a post-it or a slip of paper one thing that they are looking forward to in Term 4. Encourage students to consider something that they will enjoy, either as a class or personally.
Look out for students who are not able to think of anything that they are looking forward to and follow up with these students.
oCheck on students' check-in survey responses to identify other areas where these students may be struggling with or are worried about.


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